HPV Treatment and Vaccine in Turkey

HPV Treatment and Vaccine in Turkey

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide.

Every year, nearly 290 million men and women are infected with HPV.

In most cases, the infection resolves spontaneously without symptoms; however, certain high-risk types may lead to cervical, anal, oral, and genital cancers.

Today, effective vaccines and modern treatment methods are available against HPV.

With advanced diagnostic capabilities, experienced gynecologists, and rising public awareness, Turkey has become one of the leading centers in HPV prevention and treatment in its region.

What Is HPV?

HPV is a DNA virus with more than 200 identified types.

Some cause harmless warts (condylomas),while others can trigger cellular changes that may progress to cancer.

HPV Types

• Low-risk types: HPV 6 and 11 – responsible for about 90% of genital warts.
• High-risk types: HPV 16 and 18 – found in approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases.

How is HPV Transmitted?

HPV spreads primarily through sexual contact — vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse.

It can also rarely be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth.

Risk factors include:

• Unprotected sexual intercourse
• Multiple sexual partners
• Early sexual activity
• Smoking and low immunity

Symptoms of HPV Infection

HPV often causes no noticeable symptoms.

However, when symptoms occur, they may include:

• Small wart-like growths in the genital or anal area
• Itching, burning, or discomfort
• Abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding
• Abnormal Pap smear results

In men, warts may appear on the penis, scrotum, or around the anus.

Diagnosis of HPV

HPV is most commonly detected during routine gynecological screening.

Diagnostic Methods

• Pap Smear: Detects abnormal cervical cells.
• HPV DNA Test: Identifies viral genetic material and determines the HPV type.
• Colposcopy: Allows magnified visualization of the cervix.
• Biopsy: Examines suspicious tissue samples under a microscope.

HPV DNA testing is widely available in private laboratories and university hospitals across Turkey.

HPV Treatment in Turkey

There is currently no medication that directly eliminates HPV.

However, in most healthy individuals, the immune system clears the virus naturally within 1–2 years.

Treatment focuses on managing lesions and symptoms caused by the virus.

a) Treatment of Genital Warts

• Cryotherapy: Freezing warts with liquid nitrogen.
• Laser therapy: Vaporizing lesions with high-energy light.
• Electrocautery: Burning warts using electrical current.
• Topical medications: Imiquimod, podophyllin, or trichloroacetic acid.

These procedures are usually performed under local anesthesia and leave no scars.

b) Treatment of Cervical Lesions

If abnormal cervical cells are detected:

• LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure): Removes abnormal tissue using an electrical wire loop.
• Cryotherapy or laser ablation: Destroys affected surface cells.

These procedures preserve fertility and prevent progression to cancer.

c) Immune System Support

• Adequate sleep and nutrition
• Quitting smoking and alcohol
• Vitamin A, C, D, E and zinc supplementation
• Immune-boosting medications (under doctor supervision)

HPV Vaccine

The most effective way to prevent HPV infection is vaccination.

HPV vaccines protect both women and men from infection and reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers.

Available Vaccines in Turkey

• Gardasil 4: Protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18.
• Gardasil 9: Adds protection against types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 — the broadest coverage available.

Vaccination Schedule

• Ages 9–14: 2 doses (0 and 6 months)
• Ages 15 and older: 3 doses (0, 2, and 6 months)

Vaccination before sexual activity provides more than 95% protection.

Who Should Get Vaccinated?

• Girls and boys starting from age 9
• Sexually active adults (still beneficial even after exposure)
• Individuals with prior HPV infection (to prevent reinfection)

HPV Vaccination in Turkey

In Turkey, the HPV vaccine is currently available for purchase at pharmacies.

The Ministry of Health is conducting research to include HPV vaccination in the national immunization program.

Why Choose Turkey for HPV Treatment?

Turkey offers world-class healthcare standards in HPV testing and treatment, with advantages such as:

• Experienced gynecologists and oncologists
• Modern colposcopy and laser equipment
• Affordable and transparent pricing
• Strict patient confidentiality
• Internationally accredited clinics (especially in Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir)

As a result, Turkey is a trusted destination for both local and international patients.

HPV and Cancer

HPV is responsible for 99% of cervical cancer cases worldwide.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO),regular screening and vaccination can prevent nearly all HPV-related cancers.

Routine Pap Smear and HPV DNA testing can reduce cervical cancer mortality by up to 80%.

Women with sexual activity should undergo screening every 3 years.

Prevention Methods

• Get vaccinated against HPV
• Practice safe sex (use condoms, avoid multiple partners)
• Attend regular gynecological check-ups
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol
• Maintain a strong immune system

HPV is largely preventable through early screening and vaccination.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Can HPV be completely cured?

There’s no direct cure, but in most people the immune system clears the virus naturally within 1–2 years.

2. Who should not get the HPV vaccine?

It’s not recommended during pregnancy. Individuals with severe allergic reactions should consult their doctor.

3. Do I need an HPV test after vaccination?

No, vaccination is preventive. Testing is only needed if infection is suspected.

4. Does the HPV vaccine affect sexual life or fertility?

No, the vaccine has no negative impact on fertility or sexual health.

5. Should men get the HPV vaccine?

Yes. Vaccination protects men against genital warts, anal, and throat cancers, and prevents virus transmission.

6. Is HPV treatment safe in Turkey?

Yes. Turkish clinics follow international medical standards and offer safe, high-quality care.

HPV is one of the most common yet preventable infections worldwide.

Through regular screening, early diagnosis, and vaccination, both women and men can protect themselves from HPV and its complications.

With its advanced healthcare infrastructure, expert physicians, and growing vaccination initiatives,

Turkey stands as a regional leader in HPV prevention and treatment.

Remember: HPV is not destiny — awareness and timely prevention make all the difference.